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The First Families of Los Angeles
Are you related to them?
By
Jennifer Vo and John P. Schmal
Published on LatinoLA:
March 15, 2004
Has your family lived in Los Angeles for many generations? Do you have any of the following surnames: Verdugo, Sepulveda, Avila, Rosas, Higuera, Lugo, Dom?nguez, Serrano, Olivas, Ybarra, Palomares, Rodr?guez, Reyes, Romero, Valenzuela, Pico or Feliz? Or did you or your family come from the states of Sinaloa or Sonora?
If you can lay claim to any of these criteria, you may be related to the first families of Los Angeles. Most people do not know much about the founding families of Los Angeles. Very few of their names have been given to streets, cities, barrios, or buildings in the Los Angeles area.
Most people, however, know that Los Angeles was founded in 1781. But many people believe that Los Angeles was founded by the Spaniards. In fact, some people believe that the founders of Los Angeles were actually from Spain. Nothing could be so far from the truth. It is true that Spanish administrators and authorities organized and carried out the founding of the small pueblo. However, the founders of the town itself were, in fact, Mexican people from the Mexican states of Sinaloa, Sonora and Jalisco. The founding of Los Angeles was a Spanish endeavor carried out by Mexican people. The one exception was Jos? Fernando de Velasco y Lara, who was, in fact, a native of Spain.
If you are from Sinaloa or Sonora, then you have ties to the earliest founders of Los Angeles. The first families of Los Angeles, for the most part, looked upon Sinaloa and Sonora as their ?madre patria? because the lifeblood of Los Angeles was built on the manpower of citizens from Sinaloa and Sonora.
The Rivera Expedition of 1781 brought 44 settlers and several dozen solders into the Los Angeles area. Many of the people who participated in this expedition became members of the Los Angeles community. It should be noted, however, that Jalisco and other Mexican states did send their share of people in the early decades. In fact, two of the founders of Los Angeles ? Luis Quintero and Jos? Vanegas ? were from Jalisco.
Many of these early citizens became involved in the political direction of the city of Los Angeles. Although these pioneers lived within the bounds of the Spanish empire, they became responsible for the success of the little pueblo. As you will see below, some of the Pueblo?s early Alcaldes (Mayors) were simple people of humble origin. Most of them were not educated but had a stake in the success of Los Angeles. If you are interested in knowing about these first families and where they came from, please read on:
Luis Quintero and Mar?a Petra Rubio. An official padr?n (census) taken on November 19, 1781 listed Luis with his wife and five children. Luis was classified by the Spanish authorities as a ?negro? and Mar?a Petra as a ?mulata.? It is said that Luis was of Indian and African extraction and was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, even though he apparently married and raised his family in ?lamos, Sonora. Luis and his family left Los Angeles in 1782 for Santa Barbara, where he spent the rest of his life working as a tailor for the soldiers at the Presidio. But many of his descendants returned to live in Los Angeles.
Manuel Camero was a thirty-year-old mulato from Nayarit when he and his wife, Mar?a Tomasa, arrived in Los Angeles in 1781. Se?or Camero became involved in the political scene at Los Angeles and served as a Los Angeles regidor (councilman) during his lifetime.
In 1781, when they arrived in Los Angeles, Jos? Antonio Navarro was a 42-year-old mestizo from Sinaloa. He and his mulata wife, Mar?a Regina, later moved north to San Jos? and San Francisco with their young children.
Jos? Antonio Basilio Rosas was a 67-year-old Indian from the state of Durango. He and his 43-year-old mulata wife, Mar?a Manuela Calixtra Hernandez, brought six children with them to Los Angeles in 1781. Basilio lived to a ripe old age and was able to see his grandchildren raised in the little pueblo.
Jos? Vanegas arrived in Los Angeles in 1781 as a 28-year-old Indian. A native of Jalisco, Vanegas was accompanied by his Indian wife Mar?a Bonifacia Maxima Aguilar and one child. Vanegas was a shoemaker, but he also became involved in city politics and served as the first Alcade (Mayor) of Los Angeles from 1786 to 1788.
Cornelio Avila and his wife Isabel Urquidez came to Los Angeles in 1783. Originally from El Fuerte, Sinaloa, Cornelio and Isabel had nine children, several of whom enlisted in the military and were posted at various presidios in California. ?La Casa de los Avilas? ? located on Olvera Street in Downtown Los Angeles ? was built in 1818 by Cornelio?s son, Francisco Avila. The Adobe Avila ? as it is called today ? is the oldest building of Los Angeles and one of the few that carries the surname of one of Los Angeles? founding families. The Avila family became actively involved in Los Angeles politics and Francisco served as Alcade (Mayor) in 1810-1811.
Felipe Santiago de la Cruz Pico was a mulato from San Xavier de Cabaz?n, a town located close to Horcasitas, Sinaloa. He came to California with the Anza Expedition in 1775 and served in the military up until 1790. In the Los Angeles census of that year, Santiago was listed as a 60-year-old mestizo vaquero from Sinaloa. Two sons lived with him and his wife Jacinta. Santiago and Jacinta?s grandson, Pio Pico, born in 1801, would be the last Mexican Governor of California.
Pedro Gabriel Valenzuela was a mestizo soldier from ?lamos, Sonora. With his wife Mar?a Dolores Parra, he had accompanied the Rivera Expedition to San Gabriel in 1781. He served many years at the Santa Barbara Presidio, retiring in 1798 to the Pueblo of Los Angeles. Their family has many descendants living in both Santa Barbara and Los Angeles.
Jos? Antonio Ontiveros was a mestizo from Chemetla, a village near Rosario, Sinaloa. He was married to Ana Mar?a Carrasco, and in 1781, they and their two children accompanied the Rivera Expedition on its way to Los Angeles. Jos? served at several presidios before retiring to Los Angeles, where he listed as a shoemaker in the 1790 census.
Francisco Serrano was born in Villa de Sastago, Aragon, Spain. At some point he made his way to Mexico and then to the San Diego Presidio, where he married Mar?a Blabaneda Silvas, a native of Villa de Sinaloa. Francisco and Mar?a had eleven children in all. After serving for many years in the military, Francisco moved to Los Angeles, where he served as Alcalde of the Pueblo from 1799 to 1800.
Juan Matias Olivas was a Indian soldier from Rosario, Sinaloa. He and his wife, Maria Doroteo Espinosa, took part in Rivera?s Expedition to San Gabriel in 1781. Juan served as a soldier at the Santa Barbara Presidio until his retirement in 1800. After this, Juan and his family made their home in the Pueblo.
Juan Antonio Ybarra was from Mazatl?n de los Mulatos, Sinaloa. He married Mar?a de los Angles Velasquez around 1778 and came with the Rivera Expedition to Los Angeles in 1781. Juan served in the military for more years, retiring to the Pueblo of Los Angeles sometime around 1804. Juan and Mar?a had nine children, many of whom became involved in the military and lived in the Los Angeles and San Diego areas.
Jos? Crist?bal Palomares was from San Jos? de Canales in Durango. He came to California as a soldier. Crist?bal and his wife, Mar?a Benedicta Saez, had eleven children, most of them baptized at Santa Barbara and San Gabriel. After his retirement from the military in 1810, Crist?bal moved to Los Angeles and became actively involved in the political direction of Los Angeles, serving as an elector from 1822 and 1824.
Francisco Xavier Sep?lveda came from Villa de Sinaloa in the present-day state of Sinaloa. Francisco and his wife, Mar?a Candelaria de Redondo, had seven children, six of whom were born in Sinaloa before the Rivera Expedition. Francisco and his family accompanied Rivera on his long journey to San Gabriel in 1781 and continued to serve in the military for several more years. The Sep?lveda family is a famous first family of Los Angeles.
Jos? Manuel Nieto was born at San Felipe y Santiago in Sinaloa. Nieto came to California in the 1770s as a soldier in the service of Spain. Sometime around 1784, he was assigned as a soldier at the San Gabriel Mission, where served up until 1795. Manuel requested and received a land grant of about 300,000 acres in the vicinity of East Los Angeles. By the time he died in 1804, he was probably the wealthiest man in California. His four sons inherited his large landholdings, which included the ranchos of Los Alamitos and Los Coyotes.
Corporal Jos? Vicente Feliz, a veteran of the Anza Expedition of 1776, was one of the soldiers assigned to watch over the small pueblo of Los Angeles during its formative years. In 1787, Governor Fages appointed Feliz as Comisionado of the Los Angeles Pueblo, giving him the powers of community arbitrator, presiding judge, and the head of labor relations. In effect, he was like a Mayor. For his service, Vicente Feliz was granted 6,677 acres, which became El Rancho de Los Feliz. Most of the Los Feliz District and Griffith Park made up this ranch today.
Corporal Juan Jos? Dom?nguez was from Villa de Sinaloa. At a young age, Juan joined the Spanish military. He was a member of the original Portol? Expedition of 1769 and became well-known as an Indian fighter. He eventually retired to Los Angeles, where he was listed as a 53-year-old Spanish (white) vaquero in the 1790 census. In 1784, Juan was granted 74,000 acres of land south of Los Angeles. The vast Dom?nugez Rancho encompassed much of what is now Torrance, Carson, Redondo Beach and San Pedro.
Mariano de la Luz Verdugo, a native of San Xavier, Baja California, came from a military family. His father had been born in El Fuerte, Sinaloa, but wandered far from home as a Spanish soldier. Like Corporal Dom?nguez, Verdugo came to California in the 1769 expedition and, for the next two decades, served at various presidios in California. Mariano retired to Los Angeles around 1787 and served as Alcalde of the Pueblo from 1790 until 1793. In 1784, Corporal Verdugo was awarded a 36,403-acre land grant,
Francisco Salvador Lugo came to California as a soldier in 1774. He served at several California presidios, but was later assigned to stand guard at the Los Angeles Pueblo during its early years. The Lugo family is one of the most famous first families of Los Angeles. Francisco?s son, Antonio Mar?a Lugo, became a famous landowner in Los Angeles County and fathered a large family. Many of the Lugo?s living in Los Angeles today are descended from Antonio, who served as Alcalde of Los Angeles from 1816 to 1819.
Jos? Manuel Machado and his wife, Maria, traveled from Sinaloa, Mexico on the Rivera expedition of 1781. Machado continued to serve as a soldier in different locations until he retired to the pueblo of Los Angeles in 1797. Machado?s sons became owners of the 14,000-acre Rancho La Ballona which they established in 1819. Much of present-day Marina del Rey and Culver City stand on this former rancho.
Jose Sinova was a blacksmith from Mexico City who married Mar?a Gertrudis Boj?rquez, a mestiza from Villa de Sinaloa. By the time of the 1790 census, Jose and Gertrudis were raising a family of four children in the Los Angeles. Although he was a blacksmith by trade, Jose Sinova became active in politics and served as Alcalde of Los Angeles from 1789 to 1790.
Juan Francisco Reyes was a mulato from Zapotl?n el Grande in Jalisco. According to the 1790 Los Angeles census, Francisco was married to Mar?a del Carmen Dom?nguez, a mestiza from Villa de Sinaloa, and had three children. He was listed as a farmworker and became the original owner of the San Fernando Rancho, where he raised his cattle. Juan Francisco Reyes is regarded by many as the first Black Mayor of Los Angeles, having served as Alcalde of the Pueblo from 1793 to 1795.
Manuel Ram?rez de Arellano was tallied in the 1790 Los Angeles census as a 46-year old weaver from Puebla, with a wife and four children. His wife, Mar?a Agreda L?pez de Haro, was from ?lamos, Sonora. He served as Alcalde of Los Angeles from 1797 to 1798.
Many resources on the Internet are becoming available to persons who are interested in knowing and appreciating the very important Mexican contribution to formative years of Los Angeles. A list of the early Hispanic Los Angeles Mayors can be accessed at the Los Angeles Almanac website at:
http://www.losangelesalmanac.com/topics/Government/gl11.htm
In another Latinola.com article, the author discuss the early years of Los Angeles in ?Los Angeles: A City of Latinos,? located at
http://latinola.com/story.php?story=1587
Copyright ? 2004, by Jennifer Vo and John P. Schmal. All Rights Reserved. The content of this article may be reproduced by individuals or educational institutions for non-commercial educational or personal purposes only.
Sources:
Maynard Geiger, ?Six Census Records of Los Angeles and Its Immediate Area Between 1804 and 1823,? Southern California Quarterly, Vol. LIV, No. 4, pp. 311-341.
William Marvin Mason, ?The Census of 1790: A Demographic History of Colonial California? (Menlo Park, California: Ballena Press, 1998).
Jennifer Vo and John P. Schmal, ?A Mexican-American Family of California: In the Service of Three Flags? (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2004). Available at
http://heritagebooks.com/ (Code S2448).
About
Jennifer Vo and John P. Schmal :
Jennifer Vo is a descendant of the Valenzuela, Olivas, Quintero, and Feliz families. She is a senior editor for a major publishing company in the Los Angeles area.
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Hello I've been studying my Mother side of the family which ties into the Pico, Valenzuela, Olivas, Quintero, Feliz families. I was born in Santa Barbara and grew up there. I started out my search going out to the field with out the aid of a computer first. I went to the Santa Barbara Mission where I located baptismal papers so on. I guess My comment is that alot of my ancestors had Indian in them but does any one know form what tribes of Mexico? thank you. |
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